Prince Andrew and the Sexual Misconduct Allegations: A Guide to the Evidence

PostedSeptember 27, 2026

UpdatedSeptember 27, 2026

ByEpsteinWiki

Snapshot

Andrew Mountbatten Windsor, formerly Prince Andrew, faces allegations that extend beyond Virginia Giuffre’s civil case. The public accounts include Giuffre’s three alleged sexual encounters, Johanna Sjoberg’s sworn testimony about unwanted touching, Caroline Kaufman’s later account, a woman’s reported Royal Lodge encounter, a Royal Ascot allegation, and massage therapist Emma Gruenbaum’s account of sexual comments and unwanted attempts to embrace her.

The records also include witness observations, FBI summaries, flight logs, photographs, and emails about introductions to women. Those materials have different evidentiary value. Andrew has denied sexual wrongdoing. Giuffre’s lawsuit settled without an admission of liability, and the reviewed record identifies no sexual offense conviction against him.

Key takeaways

Giuffre alleged coerced sexual activity with Andrew in London, New York, and on Little St. James while she was 17.
Sjoberg testified that Andrew put his hand on her breast during a photograph at Epstein’s Manhattan home.
Gruenbaum described sexually intrusive remarks and unwanted attempts to hug her during professional massage appointments in 2005. This allegation was missing from the earlier version of this article.
Kaufman alleged unwanted touching in a 2026 interview. Her earlier lawsuit placed Andrew in Epstein’s home but did not accuse him of participating in Epstein’s alleged assault.
A second woman alleged through her lawyer that Epstein sent her to Royal Lodge for sex in 2010, when she was an adult.
Flight records document Andrew traveling on Epstein’s aircraft. They establish association and travel, not sexual misconduct. The previous version of this article did not give them adequate attention.

The Allegations and Accounts

Virginia Giuffre: Three alleged coerced sexual encounters at Maxwell’s London home, Epstein’s Manhattan home, and Epstein’s Little St. James island. Her 2021 complaint also described unwanted touching during the New York visit.

Johanna Sjoberg: An allegation of unwanted breast touching at Epstein’s Manhattan home, given in a 2016 sworn deposition.

Emma Gruenbaum: An account of repeated sexual comments, intimate questions, nudity during professional massage sessions, and attempts to hug her after appointments at Royal Lodge in 2005. She did not allege rape.

Caroline Kaufman: A 2026 allegation that Andrew brushed her chest while greeting her at Epstein’s Manhattan home when she was 17. Her original lawsuit did not make that allegation against Andrew.

Unnamed Royal Lodge woman: An account relayed by lawyer Brad Edwards that Epstein arranged a sexual encounter with Andrew in Windsor in 2010. She was in her twenties.

Unnamed Royal Ascot woman: A reported allegation of inappropriate behavior at the 2002 races. The publicly available description does not specify what Andrew allegedly did.

Additional FBI entries and witness statements are examined below. They should not automatically be counted as additional identified victims or as proven events. www.courthousenews.com

Virginia Giuffre’s London Allegation

Virginia Roberts Giuffre’s complaint alleged that Jeffrey Epstein and Ghislaine Maxwell compelled her to have sex with Andrew at Maxwell’s London home when she was 17. She identified a photograph of herself with Andrew and Maxwell as having been taken before the alleged encounter.

The FBI interview preserved in EFTA01688359 supplies an earlier, detailed account. Giuffre described Maxwell buying her a dress, makeup, and other items before she met Andrew. She said the group went to Tramp nightclub and that Andrew grabbed her waist and fondled her while they danced. She told agents she had the original photograph and would provide it.

The date needs careful handling. The interview’s summary of United States entry records says Giuffre returned from the London trip in January 2001. Her later accounts place the alleged first encounter in March 2001. The House published copy of the FBI record shows that wording. The available material does not resolve whether the difference reflects a travel record error, an interview summary error, or a changed recollection. Greg Conners’ examination of multiple FBI copies is a useful guide to locating the relevant pages. docs.house.gov

Virginia Giuffre’s New York Allegation

Giuffre’s civil complaint alleged that Maxwell made Giuffre and another young woman sit on Andrew’s lap at Epstein’s Manhattan home. Giuffre said Andrew touched her and later forced her to engage in sex acts.

In the 2011 FBI interview, Giuffre recalled seeing Andrew again at the New York residence. The interview describes a puppet resembling him and a group photograph. That scene overlaps with Sjoberg’s later testimony. It does not mean that Sjoberg witnessed every act Giuffre alleged during the visit.

The FBI summary associates Giuffre’s second alleged encounter with travel after an April 2001 return to the United States. That entry helps place her account in a sequence, but the underlying travel documents and full itinerary must be read before assigning a precise date to the alleged New York sexual encounter. www.courthousenews.com

Virginia Giuffre’s Little St. James Allegation

Giuffre alleged a third sexual encounter with Andrew on Little St. James. The FBI interview records her recollection of seeing him there while also noting that her heavy use of Xanax affected the clarity of her memory of that visit.

A separate witness, island communications contractor Steve Scully, said he saw Andrew grinding against a young woman by the pool. He later said he recognized the woman as Giuffre when shown her photograph. CBS News reported his account and Andrew’s lawyers’ response: they declined to comment on Scully’s claim and relayed a friend’s account disputing the identification.

Scully described something he said he observed by the pool. His account does not independently establish that Giuffre’s alleged third sexual encounter occurred. www.cbsnews.com

Johanna Sjoberg’s Sworn Testimony

Johanna Sjoberg’s deposition describes Andrew, Giuffre, Maxwell, and Epstein together at the Manhattan residence. Sjoberg said Maxwell brought out a puppet made in Andrew’s likeness. While the group posed for a photograph, Sjoberg sat on Andrew’s lap. She testified that Andrew placed his hand on her breast.

Sjoberg said she did not recall who took the photograph and had never seen it afterward. Her allegation concerns unwanted touching. She did not testify in this passage that Andrew had sex with her. The Giuffre FBI interview separately describes the puppet gathering, giving researchers two accounts to compare. www.epsteinarchive.org

Emma Gruenbaum’s Account of Sexual Comments

Emma Gruenbaum told The Sun, as reported by The Independent, that she gave Andrew six professional massage treatments at Royal Lodge in 2005. She alleged that he asked intrusive questions about her sex life, made sexual remarks, insisted on being naked apart from a towel, and tried to hug her after sessions.

Gruenbaum described telling him that the questions were none of his business. Her account concerns alleged sexual harassment and professional boundaries. It is a separate account from the Epstein victim allegations. The reporting does not establish a criminal complaint or a finding against Andrew arising from her sessions. The Independent

Monique Giannelloni’s Palace Massage Account

Monique Giannelloni said that Maxwell’s office first contacted her for massage services and that Andrew’s staff later booked her for a June 2000 appointment at Buckingham Palace. She said Andrew emerged naked before receiving the massage. She described feeling embarrassed, but also said he was polite during the treatment.

Giannelloni’s account documents an alleged Maxwell introduction and a professional encounter with Andrew. She did not accuse him of a sexual assault or overt sexual advance. It belongs in this evidence guide because it has been repeatedly cited in discussion of Andrew’s conduct with massage therapists, but it must not be presented as equivalent to Gruenbaum’s complaint or Giuffre’s allegations. The Standard

Caroline Kaufman’s Later Touching Allegation

Caroline Kaufman’s EpsteinWiki evidence review compares her lawsuit with her later account. Kaufman alleged that Epstein raped her at his Manhattan residence when she was 17. Her 2020 complaint placed Andrew among the people present when she arrived. It did not accuse him of committing that rape.

In a March 2026 interview, Kaufman added that Andrew brushed her chest while greeting her. This is a separate allegation of unwanted touching first located in her later public account.

The surrounding visit has documentary support. EFTA01980953 concerns Epstein’s request for social company for Andrew. EFTA00749561 refers to a dinner at Epstein’s home that week. Neither record names Kaufman as an attendee or verifies the touching she described. epsteinwiki.com

The Unnamed Woman’s Royal Lodge Allegation

Lawyer Brad Edwards said a client alleged that Epstein sent her to Britain for a sexual encounter with Andrew at Royal Lodge in 2010. She said she stayed overnight and received a Buckingham Palace tour afterward. She was an adult at the time.

Thames Valley Police initially said that it was assessing the information and that the woman or her lawyer had not then made a direct report to the force. A later police update said officers had engaged with her legal representative and would treat a report seriously if she wished to make one.

The public account describes an alleged arranged sexual encounter and possible trafficking. It does not, on the information made public, establish the woman’s identity, what Andrew knew about Epstein’s arrangements, or that a crime was committed. www.theguardian.com

The Royal Ascot Allegation

Reporting in May 2026 said Thames Valley Police were examining an allegation that Andrew behaved inappropriately toward a woman at Royal Ascot in 2002. Police said they were following reasonable lines of inquiry.

The public reporting does not describe a specific act, identify the woman, or establish whether she made a report in 2002 or later. It also does not establish a connection to Epstein. Those limits prevent this entry from being described as a proven assault or assigned a more specific offense. www.theguardian.com

What the FBI Briefing Records

The FBI prominent names briefing, EFTA00164939, records three Andrew related claims:

A redacted source said Maxwell directed her to satisfy Andrew as she had satisfied Epstein.
Steve Scully said he saw Andrew grinding against a young woman on the island.
Another redacted source alleged that Andrew and Epstein traveled on Epstein’s aircraft and participated in orgies.

These entries preserve what sources told investigators. They do not establish each source’s identity, the dates of the alleged acts, or independent corroboration. The briefing also records investigators’ skepticism about certain claims involving group sex. The orgy entry must therefore remain an unverified allegation. Scully’s observation can be assessed alongside his separately reported account rather than counted as an additional incident. www.itv.com

An additional FBI interview, EFTA02857849, mentions a woman massaging Andrew’s back. That reference alone does not allege assault.

Emails About Introductions to Women

In EFTA00011437, a sender appearing to be Andrew wrote to Maxwell from Balmoral and asked about “inappropriate friends.” In EFTA00011441, Maxwell discussed arranging women for Andrew during a Peru trip using the phrase “2 legged sight seeing.”

A United States prosecutors’ notice, EFTA00080134, identified the Duke of York in connection with the latter exchange. Prosecutors proposed introducing the emails in Maxwell’s trial. The judge excluded the proposed evidence because the women’s ages had not been established for that trial’s purpose. The ruling did not establish that the messages were false; the messages did not establish that the women were minors or that Andrew assaulted anyone. epstein-data.com

Another released exchange, EFTA01614217, concerns Epstein offering to introduce Andrew to a 26 year old Russian woman in 2010. An introduction to an adult woman is evidence of continuing social contact, not evidence of an offense.

Flight Logs and Travel Evidence

Giuffre’s 2021 complaint states that available flight logs recorded Andrew traveling on Epstein’s aircraft from 1999 and refers to travel involving the United States Virgin Islands, West Palm Beach, and Teterboro. Andrew publicly acknowledged traveling on Epstein’s plane and visiting his island.

The Government Exhibit 662 RR guide explains what the handwritten logs record and their limits. A separate passenger list reported by Reuters places Andrew with Epstein and Maxwell on a May 12, 2000 flight from the New York area to Palm Beach. Reuters also reported that the Maxwell trial logs showed other flights involving Andrew.

This corrects an important omission. The public record does contain flight evidence concerning Andrew. A log entry still does not establish that a particular sexual encounter occurred, identify everyone present at a destination, or show what a passenger knew about Epstein’s abuse. www.courthousenews.com

The London Photograph and Other Images

The widely published photograph of Andrew, Giuffre, and Maxwell is evidence relevant to whether they met. Giuffre identified it in her complaint and told the FBI she possessed the original. Andrew questioned whether it had been altered and said he did not recall meeting her.

A 2015 draft statement attributed to Maxwell appears to acknowledge that Andrew met the redacted woman discussed in the message and that a photograph was taken. The photograph does not show a sexual assault or establish what happened afterward. The previously supplied EFTA01660622 citation for this draft statement was incorrect: EFTA01660622 is an FBI briefing, not the photograph email.

Other photographs released in 2026 appear to show Andrew crouched over an unidentified, clothed woman lying on a floor. The available images do not establish her age, the date, whether the interaction was consensual, or that a sexual offense occurred. They should not be assigned to any named complainant without evidence. news.sky.com

The 2015 Ruling and the 2022 Settlement

Giuffre’s allegations appeared in a Florida proceeding about the federal government’s handling of Epstein’s earlier agreement. In an April 2015 ruling preserved as EFTA00812477, Judge Kenneth Marra refused to add Giuffre and another woman to that case and ordered certain allegations about Andrew removed as irrelevant to the matter being decided. That procedural ruling was not a trial finding that Giuffre’s account was false. Epstein Files

Giuffre filed her direct civil suit against Andrew in August 2021. The parties settled in February 2022. Their public settlement statement did not disclose the payment amount. Andrew agreed to make a substantial donation to Giuffre’s charity, recognized her suffering as a victim of abuse, and expressed regret for his association with Epstein. He did not admit that he assaulted her.

The public settlement amount is often stated as a precise figure. The joint statement does not verify one, so an estimate should not be presented as the documented amount. www.standard.co.uk

What United States Investigators Said

An April 2020 legal assistance request, EFTA00022062, sought information from Andrew about his relationships with Epstein and Maxwell and his visits to Epstein properties. It said investigators had evidence of sexual conduct involving an Epstein victim. It also said Andrew was not then an investigative target and that United States authorities had not gathered evidence that he committed a crime under United States law. The document describes the investigators’ position at that date. epstein-data.com

An Associated Press examination of later Justice Department records found that investigators confirmed Giuffre had been abused by Epstein but did not corroborate her claims that Epstein lent her to powerful men. AP reported prosecutors’ concerns about inconsistencies in parts of her account and noted that Giuffre maintained her allegations were true. The investigators’ inability to corroborate an allegation is a significant limitation. It is not a finding that every alleged incident was impossible. AP News

Giuffre’s March 2011 interview remains important despite those later assessments. EFTA01688359 records her detailed account to agents, while EFTA00085222 discusses photographs and other materials associated with the interview. The record says agents received 20 photographs and a massage school certificate in March 2011. That fact establishes an evidence collection event; it does not establish that every photograph corroborated an allegation against Andrew. docs.house.gov

Andrew’s Response and the British Police Inquiry

Andrew has denied having sexual contact with Giuffre and said he does not remember meeting her. In his 2019 Newsnight interview, he disputed her London account, described taking his daughter to Pizza Express in Woking on the relevant evening, and challenged her description of him sweating. He said he did not witness conduct at Epstein’s homes that alerted him to the abuse later exposed.

Andrew was arrested in February 2026 on suspicion of misconduct in public office connected to his former trade role and dealings with Epstein. That arrest was not a sexual offense charge. Thames Valley Police later sought witnesses with information about possible sexual misconduct and other conduct. Police assessment or investigation does not establish guilt. www.theguardian.com

Claims That Require Particular Caution

Sarah Ransome’s alleged recordings: Ransome once claimed Epstein possessed recordings involving Andrew and other prominent men. She later said she had invented the tapes. The account of her retraction provides no basis to describe an Andrew recording as verified evidence.

The five women reported in 2019: CBS News reported that five American women said Andrew witnessed abuse at Epstein’s home. That is a reported claim about what he may have seen. It is not five additional allegations that he assaulted those women.

Biographical claims about Andrew’s sex life: Accounts of consensual partners, massage spending, or anonymous rumors do not establish sexual assault. They should be distinguished from named witnesses’ descriptions of specific conduct. www.theguardian.com

What Can Be Said With Confidence

Giuffre, Sjoberg, Gruenbaum, and Kaufman made distinguishable allegations in identifiable public sources.
Another woman made an allegation through her lawyer concerning a 2010 Royal Lodge encounter. A separate, less detailed allegation concerns Royal Ascot.
The FBI interview, civil filings, flight records, photographs, and emails provide substantial evidence of Andrew’s contact with Epstein, Maxwell, and Giuffre. Each record has limits as proof of a sexual offense.
Giuffre’s London date has an unresolved conflict between the 2011 FBI travel summary and later accounts.
United States investigators reported that they could not corroborate key claims about Epstein directing Giuffre to other men. Giuffre maintained those claims.
Andrew denies sexual wrongdoing. Giuffre’s direct civil case ended in a settlement without an admission of liability. The public record reviewed here establishes no sexual offense conviction against him.

Sources

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Sexual Abuse and Trafficking Network